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A written informed consent was obtained from all the participants and the study protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethical Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital. All participants were selected from among those who underwent endoscopy in our hospital from March 2012 to August 2014. The average age of the patients was 55.8☑3.5 years. Methods Patients and sample collectionĪ total of 315 patients, including 212 patients with chronic gastritis and 103 patients with gastric cancer, were enrolled in the study. The aim of the present study was to characterize the microbial community in gastric cancer and explore its potential associations with the carcinogenesis. The microbial diversity, structure, and composition in gastric cancer remain poorly understood. However, microbiota in gastric cancer has not been well studied. Thus, it has been supposed that overgrowth of bacteria contributes toward the development of gastric cancer 17. These bacteria potentially promote the production of nitrite, leading to accumulation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds 15,16. Using culture-dependent approaches, bacterial overgrowth in the stomach has been found with a lowered acid output 13,14. pylori, a major carcinogenic pathogen of the stomach 12, initiate the mucosal inflammation, leading to mucosal atrophy and finally cancer. It develops through a multifactorial, multistep process 11. Gastric cancer is one of leading causes of cancer-related death. Feeding of germ-free transgenic mice with an artificial intestinal microbiota accelerated the occurrence of cancer 9. Intervention with antimicrobial therapies delayed the onset of gastric cancer in transgenic mice irrespective of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer compared with specific pathogen-free mice 9. Germ-free transgenic mice had a delayed onset of H. Gastric microbiota are potentially linked to the development of gastric cancer. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria are predominant in gastric microbiota, although there is considerable variation in the most abundant bacteria between individuals 7,8. The human stomach harbors a large number of bacteria in addition to Helicobacter pylori 6. Bacteria with potential cancer-inducing activities, including Fusobacteria and Escherichia coli, have been found to be increased in colorectal cancer 4,5. Alterations in microbiota are potentially linked to cancer. It participates in energy metabolism, absorption of nutrients, maturation of the intestinal immune system, and protection from infection of pathogens 2,3. Under physiological conditions, microbiota is vital to human health. The human gut microbiota consists of a huge amount of bacteria 1. These alterations could contribute toward the gastric carcinogenesis. Conclusionįindings from this study indicated an altered microbiota in gastric cancer with increased quantity of bacteria, diversified microbial communities, and enrichment of bacteria with potential cancer-promoting activities. The weighted principal coordinate analysis showed that the presence of Helicobacter pylori markedly altered the structure of microbiota, but had little influence on the relative proportions of the other members in the microbiota. Five genera of bacteria with potential cancer-promoting activities were enriched in gastric cancer. The unweighted principal coordinate analysis showed that the structure of microbiota in gastric cancer was more diversified.
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An increased bacterial load up to 7.85☐.70 was detected in gastric cancer compared with chronic gastritis ( P=0.001). It was higher in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients (7.80☐.71) compared with those uninfected (7.59☐.57, P=0.005). The amount of bacteria in gastric mucosa was estimated to be 6.9×10 8 per gram tissue on average. The sequences were processed and subsequently analyzed. To analyze the biodiversity, structure, and composition of microbiota, amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene from 12 patients were pyrosequenced. The bacterial load of gastric mucosa was determined using quantitative PCR. MethodsĪ total of 315 patients, including 212 patients with chronic gastritis and 103 patients with gastric cancer, were enrolled in the study. The aim of this study was to characterize the gastric microbiota in cancer. However, the features of microbiota in gastric cancer remain unclear. #2 Using CSS directive, put the following line in add to your css file.(http | https) url(//db./c/c6d838e2ab2e4ddb883ed226ef5fa06c?family=Macrame+BV+One) #3 Use font-face declaration Fonts.Microbiota is potentially linked to the development of cancer.